The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in a dog’s knee is analogous to a human’s anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Tears in this ligament occur in 3% to 5% of dogs because of chronic degeneration often related to breeds and genetics. Although conservative management and less invasive surgical techniques are effective in small and inactive dogs, a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) is the surgical repair technique most often recommended. 

Our State Ave Veterinary Clinic surgeons proudly offer this specialized procedure, and we take extra steps to ensure the best surgical outcomes. Here is an overview of the TPLO procedure and what you can expect when your pet undergoes knee surgery at our facility. 

What is TPLO surgery for dogs?

The CCL is a vital knee stabilizer that cannot be repaired when the ligament tears. Instead, our surgeons aim to restore knee stability by changing how the joint works. TPLO surgery cuts and rotates the shin bone, which alters the knee joint angle to stabilize it without the CCL. TPLO surgery restores normal knee function and has excellent success rates for most dog sizes and breeds.

Benefits of canine TPLO

TPLO is one of the most frequently recommended surgical techniques for CCL tear repairs. Other procedures use sutures to recreate the CCL’s effects inside the knee joint, but these can fail in large, heavy, or active dogs. Research also shows that TPLO results in slower post-surgery arthritis formation and lower complication rates than newer procedures, such as the “tightrope” suture technique.

Steps in the canine TPLO procedure

The TPLO procedure involves several steps:

  1. Pre-surgical planning — X-rays assess the knee joint accurately, detailed measurements are taken and surgery is planned accordingly.
  2. Surgery — Our surgeon first makes an incision into the joint to evaluate the CCL and meniscus (knee cartilage).  The torn CCL fibers are removed as they are a source of inflammation and the meniscus is evaluated and torn pieces removed.  Up to 3 out of 4 dogs with torn CCLs can have meniscal tears, which are painful.  Then the shin bone (tibia) is cut, the segment rotated to change the joint angle and a plate and screws are placed to allow the bone to heal in its new position. 
  3. Post-operative X-rays — Additional post-surgery X-rays ensure proper implant placement and bone angles.
  4. Multimodal pain control– In addition to pre-op and systemic pain medication, we employ post-op techniques such as ‘game-ready’ (a cold and compression sleeve to help with inflammation, swelling, and pain) and laser therapy to help with inflammation and speed healing.  

Comprehensive post-operative canine TPLO care

Successful TPLO outcomes require a comprehensive care plan and attention to detail. All pets undergoing TPLO in our facility receive the following treatments and services included with the cost of surgery:

  • Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into the knee joint at the end of surgery
  • Long-lasting nerve blocks and pain management before, during, and after surgery
  • Pre- and post-operative and follow-up X-rays to monitor implant placement
  • Post-operative recheck visits to ensure recovery is progressing as planned
  • A detailed at-home rehabilitation plan to help your dog recover
  • 24/7 team availability for questions or emergencies locally

Canine TPLO recovery and rehabilitation

Recovery from TPLO surgery takes several months and requires a team approach where we guide you during the process. After the procedure, we will provide detailed exercise plans and activity level restrictions, and our team will always be available to answer questions. 

Typical TPLO recovery starts with a period of strict rest, and then your pet is encouraged to walk only with assistance for short distances. As healing progresses, they can gradually become more active. Pain management, individualized rehabilitation exercises, in-hospital therapies, consistent follow-up visits, and close monitoring also help ensure your pet’s surgical success.

TPLO surgery is an effective solution for dogs suffering from CCL disease and injury. At  State Ave Veterinary Clinic we always go above and beyond to ensure the best surgical outcomes. Contact us to schedule a consultation if your pet has torn their CCL or to learn more about our advanced surgical and rehabilitation treatment options.